Pooping Alot During Early Pregnancy

Stress

Etiology of fibromyalgia

Although the causes have not been well clarified, is thought to be caused or aggravated by physical or mental stress, physical trauma, excessive exposure to moisture or cold, poor sleep or rheumatic disease. Many cases begin after specific events, such as viral or bacterial infections, car accidents, etc. Fibromyalgia can also occur without any predisposing factor.

have been integrated as well, covering the different theories and complex relationships between the mechanisms of sleep-wake (circadian rhythm disorders), the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal, the processing centers tracks pain (phenomena of central and peripheral sensitization of pain) and autonomic nervous system (alterations in autonomic tone or sympathetic-vagal, sympathetic hyperactivity with hyporeactivity sustained sympathetic response to stress).

Genetics

Graphical representation of the molecule catechol O-methyltransferase, COMT gene which is involved in the probable etiology of fibromyalgia.

Some hypotheses point to a genetic predisposition for fibromyalgia is 8 times more common among members of the same family, with emphasis on research on the COMT gene that synthesizes the catechol O-methyltransferase enzyme in the pathway of catecholamines, and serotonin-related genes and substance P. In many cases, patients with fibromyalgia have low levels of the metabolite of serotonin, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) and tryptophan (neurotransmitters responsible for regulation of nerve impulses) and high levels of substance P in cerebrospinal fluid. Has also found a low level of blood flow thalamic region of the brain, and abnormalities in cytokine function. However, these variations are not only present in fibromyalgia, because they have found similar patterns in other diseases, including chronic fatigue syndrome, irritable bowel syndrome and depression itself.

Other studies have found high levels of anti-polymer antibodies in patients with fibromyalgia, which could indicate that it is an autoimmune disease.

psychosomatic factors

anxiety and depression caused by emotional distress (marital separation, problems with children, loss of employment, professional failure, etc..) And the sadness that occur in response to continued unrest that causes the disease could also be triggers of this health problem. In 62% of patients in a study with a diagnosis of fibromyalgia were shown to have significant psychological problems requiring professional treatment, while among patients diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis, had a prevalence of mental disorders of 28.6%.

Most likely, the relationship between stress and fibromyalgia is much less linear than suggested by some authors and is limited to a specific subgroup of patients still can not be identified.

A number of studies have shown that stress is an important predisposing factor in the development of fibromyalgia. Consequently, it is proposed that fibromyalgia is the result of stress-induced changes in hippocampal function and integrity. This proposal is based in part on observations preclinical studies in nonhuman primates that exposure to psychological duress resulting in changes in brain tissue, including atrophic changes and metabolic changes in the hippocampal complex. The evidence supporting this hypothesis have been generated mainly from two studies using magnetic resonance spectroscopy of single voxel or monovóxel (1H-MRS) to demonstrate the complex metabolic abnormalities in the hippocampus in patients with fibromyalgia with significant correlations between metabolic alterations hippocampus and the severity of clinical symptoms.

Sleep Disorders

Within current theories on the pathogenesis of fibromyalgia are alterations in sleep architecture (polysomnography characterized by fragmented sleep, reduced deep sleep stages non-REM, among others) alterations in the functioning of the autonomic nervous system (dysautonomia) and phenomena of abnormal pain processing (awareness of pain.)

Studies electroencephalography (EEG) have shown that patients with fibromyalgia, have intrusion-wave sleep slow and that the circumstances that interfere with stage four sleep, such as pain, depression, serotonin deficiency, certain medications or anxiety can cause or worsen the condition. According to the hypothesis of sleep disturbance, an event such as trauma or illness causes sleep disorders so that start chronic pain that characterizes fibromyalgia. Hypothesized to stage four sleep is essential for nervous system function mediated by serotonin and tryptophan, as it is during this phase, some neurochemical processes in the body to "reset." In particular, pain causes the release of the neuropeptide substance P in the spinal cord, which has an amplifying effect on pain and causing nerves next to those who initiate the stimulus is more sensitive to pain. Entoces theory assumes that the lack of sleep, for whatever reason, can become a source of disease onset and symptoms.

environmental factors

Other hypotheses have proposed that fibromyalgia can occur due to environmental factors. Contact may cause an allergic reaction to metals, either by dental restoration, metal prostheses, cosmetics, tattoos, piercings or jewelry, vaccines and treatments with metal salts. Studies conducted in patients with allergies to metals who, by eliminating the source of metal, and still others have improved on that fibromyalgia is gone. Furthermore, ultrastructural alterations were found in biopsies of muscle, studied by electron microscopy in these patients.

There are descriptions of cases of fibromyalgia in clinical manifestations consistent with a viral infection such as Epstein-Barr virus, or bacterial (eg Lyme disease) that may lead to an aberrant immune reaction. However, has not yet been able to establish a definite correlation between symptoms and some of these health problems.

sometimes appears after you have diseases that weaken the body, such as rheumatoid arthritis and lupus erythematosus, but this does not seem to be the cause itself, but a circumstance that raises a hidden defect regulating the body's responsiveness to certain painful stimuli.